| Year |
Preliminaries |
Interview |
Swimsuit |
Evening Gown |
Average |
| 1978 |
|
8.155 USA
7.518 Sweden
6.791 South Africa
6.645 Colombia
6.500 Spain
6.230 Belgium
5.320 Mexico
5.260 Israel
5.073 Chile
4.422 Peru
3.911 Holland
3.889 Ireland
|
7.855 USA
7.300 Sweden
6.870 Spain
6.590 South Africa
6.364 Belgium
6.282 Colombia
5.064 Chile
4.280 Israel
3.800 Ireland
3.718 Peru
3.260 Mexico
2.890 Holland
|
7.545 Spain
7.482 USA
7.355 Sweden
6.545 Colombia
6.373 South Africa
5.709 Belgium
4.945 Israel
4.756 Ireland
4.536 Chile
4.145 Mexico
3.573 Holland
3.573 Peru
|
7.831 USA
7.391 Sweden
6.972 Spain
6.585 South Africa
6.491 Colombia
6.101 Belgium
4.891 Chile
4.828 Israel
4.242 Mexico
4.148 Ireland
3.904 Peru
3.458 Holland
|
| 1979 |
8.461 Venezuela
8.227 England
8.103 South Africa
7.800 Sweden
7.715 Brazil
7.676 USA
7.654 Belize
7.609 Scotland
7.578 Bermuda
7.542 Germany
7.515 Argentina
7.345 Wales
|
9.362 Venezuela
8.872 Bermuda
8.671 England
8.509 Brazil
8.300 Sweden
8.125 Germany
8.118 Belize
8.100 USA
8.009 Argentina
7.918 South Africa
7.764 Scotland
7.380 Wales
|
9.135 Venezuela
9.027 Bermuda
8.764 Brazil
8.591 England
8.330 South Africa
8.279 Belize
8.127 Sweden
8.118 Scotland
8.045 Argentina
7.882 Germany
7.818 Wales
7.709 USA
|
9.416 Venezuela
9.100 Bermuda
8.936 England
8.818 Brazil
8.454 South Africa
8.409 Sweden
8.335 USA
8.218 Scotland
8.150 Wales
8.118 Belize
8.118 Germany
8.021 Argentina
|
9.304 Venezuela
9.000 Bermuda
8.733 England
8.697 Brazil
8.279 Sweden
8.234 South Africa
8.172 Belize
8.048 USA
8.042 Germany
8.033 Scotland
8.025 Argentina
7.783 Wales
|
| 1980 |
8.480 USA
7.885 New Zealand
7.885 Puerto Rico
7.785 Scotland
7.711 Canada
7.662 Philippines
7.636 Iceland
7.572 Sweden
7.566 Tahiti
7.531 Colombia
7.525 Korea
7.514 Panama
|
8.317 USA
8.283 New Zealand
8.208 Sweden
8.121 Philippines
8.036 Scotland
7.992 Canada
7.850 Puerto Rico
7.789 Colombia
7.713 Panama
7.675 Iceland
7.658 Korea
6.957 Tahiti
|
8.718 USA
8.400 New Zealand
8.273 Scotland
8.250 Sweden
8.200 Canada
8.033 Philippines
7.942 Iceland
7.892 Puerto Rico
7.858 Tahiti
7.750 Korea
7.742 Panama
7.729 Colombia
|
8.883 USA
8.433 Philippines
8.400 New Zealand
8.346 Sweden
8.267 Scotland
8.100 Canada
8.067 Tahiti
7.967 Korea
7.933 Iceland
7.867 Puerto Rico
7.842 Colombia
7.825 Panama
|
8.639 USA
8.361 New Zealand
8.268 Sweden
8.196 Philippines
8.192 Scotland
8.097 Canada
7.870 Puerto Rico
7.850 Iceland
7.792 Korea
7.787 Colombia
7.760 Panama
7.627 Tahiti
|
| Year |
Preliminaries |
Interview |
Swimsuit |
Evening Gown |
Average |
| 1981 |
8.575 Venezuela
8.527 USA
8.400 Germany
8.330 Brazil
8.259 Norway
8.223 Belgium
8.133 Holland
8.063 New Zealand
7.967 Ecuador
7.967 Sweden
7.940 Tahiti
7.913 Canada
|
8.966 Venezuela
8.658 Sweden
8.529 Belgium
8.435 Norway
8.191 Brazil
8.167 Canada
8.149 Tahiti
7.875 Germany
7.590 Holland
7.442 Ecuador
7.427 USA
6.950 New Zealand
|
9.024 Venezuela
8.881 Belgium
8.416 Brazil
8.137 Tahiti
8.133 Canada
8.050 Sweden
8.041 Germany
7.717 Norway
7.633 Holland
7.617 USA
7.492 New Zealand
7.300 Ecuador
|
8.887 Venezuela
8.508 Canada
8.268 Belgium
8.179 Sweden
7.962 Tahiti
7.838 Norway
7.824 Brazil
7.653 USA
7.625 Holland
7.625 Ecuador
7.442 Germany
7.350 New Zealand
|
8.959 Venezuela
8.559 Belgium
8.296 Sweden
8.260 Canada
8.144 Brazil
8.083 Tahiti
7.997 Norway
7.786 Germany
7.616 Holland
7.566 USA
7.353 Ecuador
7.264 New Zealand
|
| 1982 |
8.406 South Africa
8.131 USA
8.100 England
8.011 Brazil
7.892 Guam
7.847 Greece
7.808 Germany
7.797 Peru
7.761 Canada
7.719 Finland
7.714 Italy
7.594 Uruguay
|
8.867 Guam
8.583 South Africa
8.433 England
8.425 USA
8.400 Canada
8.218 Peru
8.133 Brazil
8.042 Greece
7.925 Italy
7.808 Finland
7.692 Uruguay
7.204 Germany
|
8.692 Guam
8.325 Greece
8.275 Canada
8.192 USA
8.067 Italy
7.892 Brazil
7.808 England
7.508 Peru
7.408 Finland
7.225 South Africa
7.167 Uruguay
7.008 Germany
|
8.707 South Africa
8.608 Italy
8.525 Canada
8.355 Guam
8.317 Greece
8.292 Peru
8.167 England
7.925 USA
7.917 Brazil
7.908 Finland
7.783 Uruguay
7.483 Germany
|
8.638 Guam
8.400 Canada
8.228 Greece
8.200 Italy
8.181 USA
8.171 South Africa
8.136 England
8.006 Peru
7.980 Brazil
7.708 Finland
7.547 Uruguay
7.231 Germany
|
| 1983 |
8.708 USA
8.464 Venezuela
8.395 Switzerland
8.385 England
8.353 Ireland
8.325 New Zealand
8.222 Singapore
8.158 Italy
8.143 Finland
8.091 Germany
8.098 Spain
8.089 Norway
|
9.244 Ireland
9.138 Switzerland
9.081 New Zealand
9.027 England
8.916 USA
8.872 Germany
8.666 Venezuela
8.658 Singapore
8.644 Italy
8.486 Norway
8.427 Finland
8.261 Spain
|
9.333 USA
9.244 England
9.220 Switzerland
9.177 New Zealand
9.161 Ireland
9.094 Germany
9.088 Venezuela
8.922 Italy
8.888 Finland
8.766 Singapore
8.577 Spain
8.505 Norway
|
9.455 USA
9.358 New Zealand
9.338 Switzerland
9.338 Venezuela
9.322 Germany
9.192 Ireland
9.172 England
9.161 Singapore
9.144 Finland
9.016 Italy
8.822 Norway
8.788 Spain
|
9.234 USA
9.232 Switzerland
9.205 New Zealand
9.199 Ireland
9.147 England
9.096 Germany
9.031 Venezuela
8.862 Singapore
8.861 Italy
8.820 Finland
8.604 Norway
8.542 Spain
|
| Year |
Preliminaries |
Interview |
Swimsuit |
Evening Gown |
Average |
| 1984 |
8.500 Sweden
8.470 Philippines
8.430 Venezuela
8.345 Holland
8.136 Germany
8.093 USA
8.088 Thailand
8.048 South Africa
7.956 Guatemala
7.935 Colombia
|
9.200 Colombia
9.140 Venezuela
9.100 South Africa
9.090 Sweden
9.050 Philippines
8.610 Thailand
8.590 Guatemala
8.555 Holland
8.195 USA
8.175 Germany
|
9.460 Sweden
9.280 Venezuela
9.140 Philippines
9.140 Germany
9.130 Thailand
8.950 Holland
8.820 Guatemala
8.670 USA
8.635 South Africa
8.530 Colombia
|
9.540 Sweden
9.285 Venezuela
9.255 Philippines
9.220 Colombia
9.175 Holland
9.027 Germany
9.025 South Africa
8.975 Thailand
8.975 USA
8.805 Guatemala
|
9.363 Sweden
9.235 Venezuela
9.148 Philippines
8.983 Colombia
8.920 South Africa
8.905 Thailand
8.893 Holland
8.781 Germany
8.738 Guatemala
8.573 USA
|
| 1985 |
8.251 Spain
8.140 Venezuela
8.091 Canada
8.035 Puerto Rico
8.016 USA
7.904 Ireland
7.824 Uruguay
7.732 Chile
7.710 Zaire
7.592 Brazil
|
8.793 Spain
8.693 Venezuela
8.648 Zaire
8.560 Uruguay
8.365 Puerto Rico
8.261 Canada
7.737 Chile
7.708 Ireland
7.650 USA
7.161 Brazil
|
9.331 Spain
8.805 Uruguay
8.705 Zaire
8.536 Puerto Rico
8.455 Venezuela
8.326 Chile
8.325 Ireland
8.148 Canada
7.658 Brazil
7.538 USA
|
9.057 Puerto Rico
9.000 Venezuela
8.983 Zaire
8.730 Uruguay
8.668 Ireland
8.660 Spain
8.232 Chile
8.164 USA
8.042 Brazil
8.021 Canada
|
8.928 Spain
8.779 Zaire
8.716 Venezuela
8.698 Uruguay
8.653 Puerto Rico
8.234 Ireland
8.143 Canada
8.098 Chile
7.784 USA
7.620 Brazil
|
| 1986 |
8.950 USA
8.776 Venezuela
8.530 Finland
8.480 Chile
8.310 Colombia
8.289 Brazil
8.276 Poland
8.266 Zaire
8.260 Puerto Rico
8.256 Switzerland
|
9.390 Venezuela
9.030 Poland
8.880 USA
8.850 Colombia
8.470 Finland
8.366 Zaire
8.260 Puerto Rico
8.230 Chile
8.175 Brazil
8.020 Switzerland
|
9.380 USA
9.100 Venezuela
9.000 Poland
8.880 Finland
8.810 Brazil
8.740 Switzerland
8.620 Colombia
8.580 Zaire
8.490 Chile
8.330 Puerto Rico
|
9.550 Venezuela
9.490 USA
9.340 Colombia
9.160 Brazil
9.120 Finland
9.000 Poland
8.920 Zaire
8.870 Switzerland
8.780 Chile
8.660 Puerto Rico
|
9.347 Venezuela
9.250 USA
9.010 Poland
8.937 Colombia
8.823 Finland
8.715 Brazil
8.622 Zaire
8.543 Switzerland
8.500 Chile
8.412 Puerto Rico
|
| Year |
Preliminaries |
Interview |
Swimsuit |
Evening Gown |
Average |
| 1987 |
8.618 USA
8.514 Chile
8.434 Italy
8.149 Puerto Rico
8.132 Philippines
8.092 Turks and Caicos
8.046 Venezuela
7.956 Peru
7.937 Singapore
7.915 Sweden
|
9.539 Chile
9.195 USA
8.890 Italy
8.630 Puerto Rico
8.375 Venezuela
8.231 Philippines
8.105 Sweden
8.018 Turks and Caicos
7.935 Singapore
7.870 Peru
|
9.569 Chile
9.383 Italy
9.263 USA
8.800 Puerto Rico
8.630 Venezuela
8.603 Philippines
8.420 Turks and Caicos
8.405 Sweden
8.055 Peru
7.940 Singapore
|
9.765 Chile
9.680 Italy
9.480 USA
8.915 Philippines
8.890 Venezuela
8.783 Puerto Rico
8.634 Turks and Caicos
8.333 Singapore
8.300 Sweden
8.268 Peru
|
9.624 Chile
9.318 Italy
9.313 USA
8.738 Puerto Rico
8.632 Venezuela
8.583 Philippines
8.357 Turks and Caicos
8.270 Sweden
8.069 Singapore
8.064 Peru
|
| 1988 |
9.144 USA
9.052 Dominican Republic
8.795 Korea
8.719 Thailand
8.518 Venezuela
8.505 Hong Kong
8.497 Mexico
8.440 Colombia
8.409 Japan
8.368 Norway
|
9.730 Thailand
9.453 Korea
9.266 Mexico
8.922 Japan
8.833 Dominican Republic
8.744 Hong Kong
8.712 Colombia
8.543 Venezuela
8.522 USA
7.555 Norway
|
9.684 Thailand
9.463 Korea
9.144 Mexico
8.900 Venezuela
8.866 Japan
8.688 Dominican Republic
8.666 Hong Kong
8.621 USA
8.588 Colombia
7.977 Norway
|
9.752 Thailand
9.630 Korea
9.233 Mexico
9.074 Hong Kong
8.944 Japan
8.943 USA
8.811 Venezuela
8.744 Dominican Republic
8.644 Colombia
8.077 Norway
|
9.722 Thailand
9.515 Korea
9.214 Mexico
8.910 Japan
8.828 Hong Kong
8.755 Dominican Republic
8.751 Venezuela
8.695 USA
8.648 Colombia
7.869 Norway
|
| 1989 |
|
9.583 Holland
9.261 Sweden
8.650 Mexico
8.533 Finland
8.511 USA
8.472 Poland
8.461 Germany
8.204 Venezuela
8.111 Jamaica
8.033 Chile
|
9.725 Holland
9.233 Sweden
9.105 Poland
8.894 USA
8.883 Mexico
8.788 Jamaica
8.737 Germany
8.727 Venezuela
8.661 Finland
8.505 Chile
|
9.824 Holland
9.376 Sweden
9.096 Venezuela
9.027 Poland
9.026 Mexico
9.010 Germany
8.933 Jamaica
8.927 USA
8.755 Finland
8.755 Chile
|
9.711 Holland
9.290 Sweden
8.868 Poland
8.853 Mexico
8.777 USA
8.736 Germany
8.676 Venezuela
8.650 Finland
8.611 Jamaica
8.431 Chile
|
| Year |
Preliminaries |
Interview |
Swimsuit |
Evening Gown |
Average |
| 1990 |
8.683 Norway
8.420 Venezuela
8.316 USA
8.316 Mexico
8.313 Colombia
8.280 India
8.256 Bolivia
8.206 Chile
8.210 Czechoslovakia
8.090 Turkey
|
8.760 Norway
8.610 Colombia
8.509 USA
8.500 Mexico
8.439 Bolivia
8.411 Chile
8.370 Venezuela
8.360 Czechoslovakia
8.200 India
8.079 Turkey
|
8.922 Norway
8.714 Colombia
8.498 Bolivia
8.450 Mexico
8.450 Venezuela
8.410 Chile
8.299 USA
8.233 India
8.139 Turkey
7.785 Czechoslovakia
|
8.989 Norway
8.840 Colombia
8.770 Chile
8.707 Mexico
8.630 USA
8.600 Bolivia
8.590 Venezuela
8.552 India
8.200 Turkey
7.970 Czechoslovakia
|
8.890 Norway
8.721 Colombia
8.552 Mexico
8.530 Chile
8.512 Bolivia
8.479 USA
8.470 Venezuela
8.328 India
8.139 Turkey
8.038 Czechoslovakia
|
| 1991 |
9.006 Mexico
8.986 Jamaica
8.864 USSR
8.834 USA
8.774 Yugoslavia
8.753 Curacao
8.719 Paraguay
8.719 Venezuela
8.706 France
8.694 Netherlands
|
9.608 Mexico
9.592 Netherlands
9.550 USSR
9.533 Venezuela
9.425 USA
9.418 Jamaica
9.350 Paraguay
9.190 Curacao
9.167 Yugoslavia
9.067 France
|
9.450 Mexico
9.412 Venezuela
9.225 USSR
9.213 Jamaica
9.135 Curacao
9.073 Netherlands
8.987 Paraguay
8.950 USA
8.875 Yugoslavia
8.867 France
|
9.758 Mexico
9.717 USSR
9.650 Venezuela
9.600 Netherlands
9.590 France
9.550 Curacao
9.542 USA
9.542 Jamaica
9.442 Yugoslavia
9.350 Paraguay
|
9.605 Mexico
9.532 Venezuela
9.497 USSR
9.422 Netherlands
9.391 Jamaica
9.306 USA
9.292 Curacao
9.229 Paraguay
9.175 France
9.161 Yugoslavia
|
| Year |
Preliminaries |
Interview |
Swimsuit |
Evening Gown |
Average |
Finalists |
| 1992 |
9.477 Venezuela
9.147 Namibia
8.983 Belgium
8.969 Colombia
8.952 India
8.921 Netherlands
8.874 USA
8.805 Australia
8.789 New Zealand
8.773 Sweden*
|
9.643 Colombia
9.586 Venezuela
9.529 Namibia
9.526 Belgium
9.508 India
9.350 New Zealand
9.350 USA
9.242 Australia
9.229 Netherlands
8.786 Sweden
|
9.357 Venezuela
9.321 India
9.280 Netherlands
9.243 Namibia
9.221 Colombia
8.986 Belgium
8.857 Australia
8.743 New Zealand
8.721 USA
8.686 Sweden
|
9.679 Venezuela
9.629 India
9.614 Namibia
9.607 Colombia
9.421 Netherlands
9.361 Belgium
9.327 Australia
9.250 USA
9.043 New Zealand
8.971 Sweden
|
9.541 Venezuela
9.490 Colombia
9.486 India
9.462 Namibia
9.310 Netherlands
9.291 Belgium
9.142 Australia
9.107 USA
9.045 New Zealand
8.814 Sweden
|
9.75 India
9.62 Namibia
9.45 Colombia
9.43 Venezuela
9.40 Netherlands
9.16 Belgium
|
| After the Miss Universe 1993 preliminary competition, Sweden and Iceland were tied for 10th place. Sweden advanced due to a higher interview score. |
| 1993 |
9.286 Brazil
9.240 Venezuela
9.236 USA
9.216 Colombia
9.200 Spain
9.180 Finland
9.103 Australia
9.073 Puerto Rico
9.056 India
8.996 Czech Republic
|
9.843 Venezuela
9.508 Colombia
9.429 India
9.407 Finland
9.367 USA
9.314 Puerto Rico
9.297 Brazil
9.267 Australia
9.154 Czech Republic
8.914 Spain
|
9.624 Australia
9.336 Venezuela
9.286 Czech Republic
9.267 Colombia
9.136 USA
9.114 Puerto Rico
9.043 Finland
8.936 Brazil
8.886 India
8.800 Spain
|
9.815 Colombia
9.743 Australia
9.582 India
9.526 Venezuela
9.507 Puerto Rico
9.496 Brazil
9.367 USA
9.171 Czech Republic
9.167 Spain
9.091 Finland
|
9.568 Venezuela
9.544 Australia
9.530 Colombia
9.312 Puerto Rico
9.299 India
9.290 USA
9.243 Brazil
9.203 Czech Republic
9.180 Finland
8.960 Spain
|
9.69 Colombia
9.64 Puerto Rico
9.63 Venezuela
9.40 Australia
9.33 USA
8.76 India
|
| 1994 |
9.268 Colombia
9.256 Greece
9.253 India
9.225 Philippines
9.202 USA
9.159 Italy
9.126 Venezuela
9.000 Sweden
8.973 Switzerland
8.946 Slovak Republic
|
9.668 Slovak Republic
9.655 Colombia
9.592 Venezuela
9.587 Philippines
9.562 India
9.478 USA
9.423 Sweden
9.378 Italy
9.298 Switzerland
9.027 Greece
|
9.752 Venezuela
9.722 India
9.638 Colombia
9.510 USA
9.447 Slovak Republic
9.425 Philippines
9.325 Italy
9.288 Greece
9.197 Switzerland
9.078 Sweden
|
9.897 Colombia
9.843 Venezuela
9.792 India
9.720 Philippines
9.708 Italy
9.700 Slovak Republic
9.697 USA
9.643 Sweden
9.623 Switzerland
9.618 Greece
|
9.730 Colombia
9.729 Venezuela
9.692 India
9.605 Slovak Republic
9.577 Philippines
9.561 USA
9.470 Italy
9.381 Sweden
9.373 Switzerland
9.311 Greece
|
9.62 Colombia
9.61 Venezuela
9.60 India
9.54 USA
9.45 Slovak Republic
9.43 Philippines
|
| Year |
Preliminaries |
Interview |
Swimsuit |
Evening Gown |
Average |
Finalists |
| 1995 |
9.343 USA
9.333 Puerto Rico
9.330 Colombia
9.313 Trinidad and Tobago
9.200 Venezuela
9.200 Dominican Republic
9.196 El Salvador
9.160 Canada
9.153 India
9.143 South Africa
|
9.67 El Salvador
9.65 Puerto Rico
9.63 USA
9.57 India
9.53 Canada
9.52 South Africa
9.49 Trinidad and Tobago
9.49 Venezuela
9.21 Dominican Republic
9.02 Colombia
|
9.71 USA
9.59 Canada
9.57 Dominican Republic
9.56 Puerto Rico
9.56 Venezuela
9.51 Trinidad and Tobago
9.43 Colombia
9.37 India
9.34 South Africa
9.30 El Salvador
|
9.78 Canada
9.70 Venezuela
9.70 India
9.68 South Africa
9.67 Trinidad and Tobago
9.66 Puerto Rico
9.65 USA
9.59 Colombia
9.57 Dominican Republic
9.53 El Salvador
|
9.67 USA
9.64 Canada
9.62 Puerto Rico
9.59 Venezuela
9.56 Trinidad and Tobago
9.55 India
9.51 South Africa
9.50 El Salvador
9.45 Dominican Republic
9.35 Colombia
|
9.79 Canada
9.76 USA
9.71 India
9.70 Trinidad and Tobago
9.62 Puerto Rico
9.41 Venezuela
|
| 1996 |
9.350 USA
9.323 Venezuela
9.210 Russia
9.113 Sweden
9.090 India
9.026 Mexico
8.966 El Salvador
8.946 Peru
8.943 Aruba
8.930 Finland
|
9.80 Venezuela
9.79 USA
9.64 Russia
9.63 El Salvador
9.62 Aruba
9.58 India
9.56 Mexico
9.55 Finland
9.54 Peru
9.49 Sweden
|
9.82 Venezuela
9.73 Aruba
9.71 Russia
9.65 Finland
9.61 India
9.61 Peru
9.60 USA
9.60 Mexico
9.57 Sweden
9.56 El Salvador
|
9.87 Venezuela
9.75 USA
9.71 Finland
9.71 Mexico
9.65 Aruba
9.65 El Salvador
9.63 Peru
9.62 Sweden
9.60 India
9.57 Russia
|
9.83 Venezuela
9.71 USA
9.67 Aruba
9.64 Russia
9.64 Finland
9.62 Mexico
9.61 El Salvador
9.59 India
9.59 Peru
9.56 Sweden
|
9.85 Venezuela
9.77 Aruba
9.76 Finland
9.71 Russia
9.65 Mexico
9.60 USA
|
| 1997 |
9.410 Curacao
9.333 Panama
9.236 USA
9.170 Italy
9.120 Trinidad and Tobago
9.083 Venezuela
9.060 Estonia
8.983 Sweden
8.970 Puerto Rico
8.966 India
|
9.61 USA
9.54 Italy
9.44 Curacao
9.38 Panama
9.34 Trinidad and Tobago
9.27 Puerto Rico
9.22 Sweden
9.15 India
9.14 Estonia
9.06 Venezuela
|
9.62 Curacao
9.61 Italy
9.50 USA
9.47 Venezuela
9.35 Estonia
9.27 Trinidad and Tobago
9.22 Panama
9.04 Puerto Rico
9.04 India
8.92 Sweden
|
9.79 Curacao
9.76 Italy
9.72 Venezuela
9.68 USA
9.60 Trinidad and Tobago
9.47 Puerto Rico
9.44 Panama
9.41 Estonia
9.27 Sweden
9.12 India
|
9.64 Italy
9.62 Curacao
9.59 USA
9.42 Venezuela
9.40 Trinidad and Tobago
9.35 Panama
9.30 Estonia
9.26 Puerto Rico
9.13 Sweden
9.10 India
|
9.79 USA
9.75 Venezuela
9.59 Trinidad and Tobago
9.57 Curacao
9.43 Italy
9.10 Panama
|
Special thanks to Jimmy Steele, Mitch Klien, Daniel Gonzalez, Katherine Alexander, Flip Laffoon, Rod & Rob, Jose Luis Alcover Jr., and Pan.
